What is the likely cognitive benefit that aerobic exercise would have on older adults?

The rationale for selecting improved short-term memory and executive function as the likely cognitive benefit of aerobic exercise in older adults is grounded in research that demonstrates how physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, positively influences brain health. Engaging in regular aerobic exercise has been associated with increased blood flow to the brain, leading to enhanced neurogenesis— the process of forming new neurons, particularly in the hippocampus, which is crucial for short-term memory and spatial navigation.

Moreover, aerobic exercise has been shown to improve executive functions, which include cognitive processes such as problem-solving, planning, attention, and task-switching. These cognitive functions are vital for daily activities and are often challenged in older adults. Studies indicate that older adults who engage in consistent aerobic activities exhibit better performance on tasks that require these types of cognitive flexibility and working memory, suggesting a strong link between physical fitness and cognitive capabilities.

In contrast, while the other options may reflect potential benefits of overall health or different aspects of quality of life, they do not directly align with the predominant findings on the cognitive outcomes of aerobic exercise. For instance, multitasking abilities may not be as directly connected to aerobic exercise as other cognitive domains. Enhanced long-term memory retention and greater emotional stability might benefit from a variety of factors, including